Use the Fundamentals of Database Systems course and lab to learn database concepts and methodologies. Lab simulates real-world, hardware, software, and command-line interface environments and can be mapped to any textbook, course, and training.
DurationUse the Fundamentals of Database Systems course and lab to learn database concepts and methodologies. Lab simulates real-world hardware, software, and command-line interface environments and can be mapped to any textbook, course, or training.
The database training course covers fundamental concepts necessary for designing, using, and implementing database systems and applications; database modeling and design; languages and models provided by database management systems; and database system implementation techniques.
Lesson 1: Preface
Lesson 2: Databases and Database Users
Introduction
An Example
Characteristics of the Database Approach
Actors on the Scene
Workers behind the Scene
Advantages of Using the DBMS Approach
A Brief History of Database Applications
When Not to Use a DBMS
Summary
Review Questions
Exercises
Selected Bibliography
Lesson 3: Database System Concepts and Architecture
Data Models, Schemas, and Instances
Three-Schema Architecture and Data Independence
Database Languages and Interfaces
The Database System Environment
Centralized and Client/Server Architectures for DBMSs
Classification of Database Management Systems
Summary
Review Questions
Exercises
Selected Bibliography
Lessons 4: Data Modeling Using the Entity-Relationship (ER) Model
Using High-Level Conceptual Data Models for Database Design
A Sample Database Application
Entity Types, Entity Sets, Attributes, and Keys
Relationship Types, Relationship Sets, Roles, and Structural Constraints
Weak Entity Types
Refining the ER Design for the COMPANY Database
ER Diagrams, Naming Conventions, and Design Issues
Example of Other Notation: UML Class Diagrams
Relationship Types of Degree Higher than Two
Another Example: A UNIVERSITY Database
Summary
Review Questions
Exercises
Laboratory Exercises
Selected Bibliography
Lesson 5: The Enhanced Entity-Relationship (EER) Model
Subclasses, Superclasses, and Inheritance
Specialization and Generalization
Constraints and Characteristics of Specialization and Generalization Hierarchies
Modeling of Unit Types Using Categories
A Sample UNIVERSITY EER Schema, Design Choices, and Formal Definitions
Example of Other Notation: Representing Specialization and Generalization in UML Class Diagrams
Data Abstraction, Knowledge Representation, and Ontology Concepts
Summary
Review Questions
Exercises
Laboratory Exercises
Selected Bibliography
Lesson 6: The Relational Data Model and Relational Database Constraints
Relational Model Concepts
Relational Model Constraints and Relational Database Schemas
Update Operations, Transactions, and Dealing with Constraint Violations
Summary
Review Questions
Exercises
Selected Bibliography
essons 7: SQL Data Definition and Data Types
SQL Data Definition and Data Types
Specifying Constraints in SQL
Basic Retrieval Queries in SQL
INSERT, DELETE, and UPDATE Statements in SQL
Additional Features of SQL
Summary
Review Questions
Exercises
Selected Bibliography
Lesson 8: More SQL: Complex Queries, Triggers, Views, and Schema Modification
More Complex SQL Retrieval Queries
Specifying Constraints as Assertions and Actions as Triggers
Views (Virtual Tables) in SQL
Schema Change Statements in SQL
Summary
Review Questions
Exercises
Selected Bibliography
Lesson 9: Relational Algebra and Relational Calculus
Unary Relational Operations: SELECT and PROJECT
Relational Algebra Operations from Set Theory
Binary Relational Operations: JOIN and DIVISION
Additional Relational Operations
Examples of Queries in Relational Algebra
The Tuple Relational Calculus
The Domain Relational Calculus
Summary
Review Questions
Exercises
Laboratory Exercises
Selected Bibliography
Lessons 10: Relational Database Design by ER- and EER-to-Relational Mapping
Relational Database Design Using ER-to-Relational Mapping
Mapping EER Model Constructs to Relationships
Summary
Review Questions
Exercises
Laboratory Exercises
Selected Bibliography
Lessons 11: Introduction to SQL Programming Techniques
Overview of Database Programming Techniques and Issues
Embedded SQL, Dynamic SQL, and SQL J
Database Programming with Function Calls and Class Libraries: SQL/CLI and JDBC
Database-stored procedures and SQL/PSM
Comparing the Three Approaches
Summary
Review Questions
Exercises
Selected Bibliography
Lesson 12: Web Database Programming Using PHP
A Simple PHP Example
Overview of Basic Features of PHP
Overview of PHP Database Programming
Brief Overview of Java Technologies for Database Web Programming
Summary
Review Questions
Exercises
Selected Bibliography
Lessons 13: Object and Object-Relational Databases
Overview of Object Database Concepts
Object Database Extensions to SQL
The ODMG Object Model and the Object Definition Language ODL
Object Database Conceptual Design
The Object Query Language OQL
Overview of the C++ Language Binding in the ODMG Standard
Summary
Review Questions
Exercises
Selected Bibliography
Lessons 14: XML: Extensible Markup Language
Structured, Semistructured, and Unstructured Data
XML Hierarchical (Tree) Data Model
XML Documents, DTD, and XML Schema
Storing and Extracting XML Documents from Databases
XML Languages
Extracting XML Documents from Relational Databases
XML/SQL: SQL Functions for Creating XML Data
Summary
Review Questions
Exercises
Selected Bibliography
Lessons 15: Basics of Functional Dependencies and Normalization for Relational Databases
Informal Design Guidelines for Relationship Schemas
Functional Dependencies
Normal Forms Based on Primary Keys
General Definitions of Second and Third Normal Forms
Boyce-Codd Normal Form
Multivalued Dependency and Fourth Normal Form
Join Dependencies and Fifth Normal Form
Summary
Review Questions
Exercise
Laboratory Exercises
Selected Bibliography
Lesson 16: Relational Database Design Algorithms and Further Dependencies
Further Topics in Functional Dependencies: Inference Rules, Equivalence, and Minimal Cover
Properties of Relational Decompositions
Algorithms for Relational Database Schema Design
About Nulls, Dangling Tuples, and Alternative Relational Designs
Further Discussion of Multivalued Dependencies and 4NF
Other Dependencies and Normal Forms
Summary
Review Questions
Exercises
Laboratory Exercises
Selected Bibliography
Lessons 17: Disk Storage, Basic File Structures, Hashing, and Modern Storage Architectures
Introduction
Secondary Storage Devices
Buffering of Blocks
Placing File Records on Disk
Operations on Files
Files of Unordered Records (Heap Files)
Files of Ordered Records (Sorted Files)
Hashing Techniques
Other Primary File Organizations
Parallelizing Disk Access Using RAID Technology
Modern Storage Architectures
Summary
Review Questions
Exercises
Selected Bibliography
Lessons 18: Indexing Structures for Files and Physical Database Design
Types of Single-Level Ordered Indexes
Multilevel Indexes
Dynamic Multilevel Indexes Using B-Trees and B+-Trees
Indexes on Multiple Keys
Other Types of Indexes
Some General Issues Concerning Indexing
Physical Database Design in Relational Databases
Summary
Review Questions
Exercises
Selected Bibliography
Lessons 19: Strategies for Query Processing
Translating SQL Queries into Relational Algebra and Other Operators
Algorithms for External Sorting
Algorithms for SELECT Operation
Implementing the JOIN Operation
Algorithms for PROJECT and Set Operations
Implementing Aggregate Operations and Different Types of JOINs
Combining Operations Using Pipelining
Parallel Algorithms for Query Processing
Summary
Review Questions
Exercises
Selected Bibliography
Lessons 20: Query Optimization
Query Trees and Heuristics for Query Optimization
Choice of Query Execution Plans
Use of Selectivities in Cost-Based Optimization
Cost Functions for SELECT Operation
Cost Functions for the JOIN Operation
Example to Illustrate Cost-Based Query Optimization
Additional Issues Related to Query Optimization
An Example of Query Optimization in Data Warehouses
Overview of Query Optimization in Oracle
Semantic Query Optimization
Summary
Review Questions
Exercises
Selected Bibliography
Lessons 21: Introduction to Transaction Processing Concepts and Theory
Introduction to Transaction Processing
Transaction and System Concepts
Desirable Properties of Transactions
Characterizing Schedules Based on Recoverability
Characterizing Schedules Based on Serializability
Transaction Support in SQL
Summary
Review Questions
Exercises
Selected Bibliography
Lessons 22: Concurrency Control Techniques
Two-Phase Locking Techniques for Concurrency Control
Concurrency Control Based on Timestamp Ordering
Multiversion Concurrency Control Techniques
Validation (Optimistic) Techniques and Snapshot Isolation Concurrency Control
Granularity of Data Items and Multiple Granularity Locking
Using Locks for Concurrency Control in Indexes
Other Concurrency Control Issues
Summary
Review Questions
Exercises
Selected Bibliography
Lessons 23: Database Recovery Techniques
Recovery Concepts
NO-UNDO/REDO Recovery Based on Deferred Update
Recovery Techniques Based on Immediate Update
Shadow Paging
The ARIES Recovery Algorithm
Recovery in Multidatabase Systems
Database Backup and Recovery from Catastrophic Failures
Summary
Review Questions
Exercises
Selected Bibliography
Lessons 24: Distributed Database Concepts
Distributed Database Concepts
Data Fragmentation, Replication, and Allocation Techniques for Distributed Database Design
Overview of Concurrency Control and Recovery in Distributed Databases
Overview of Transaction Management in Distributed Databases
Query Processing and Optimization in Distributed Databases
Types of Distributed Database Systems
Distributed Database Architectures
Distributed Catalog Management
Summary
Review Questions
Selected Bibliography
Lessons 25: NOSQL Databases and Big Data Storage Systems
Introduction to NOSQL Systems
The CAP Theorem
Document-Based NOSQL Systems and MongoDB
NOSQL Key-Value Stores
Column-Based or Wide Column NOSQL Systems
NOSQL Graph Databases and Neo4j
Summary
Review Questions
Selected Bibliography
Lessons 26: Big Data Technologies Based on MapReduce and Hadoop
What Is Big Data?
Introduction to MapReduce and Hadoop
Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS)
MapReduce: Additional Details
Hadoop v2 alias YARN
General Discussion
Summary
Review Questions
Selected Bibliography
Lessons 27: Enhanced Data Models: Introduction to Active, Temporal, Spatial, Multimedia, and Deductive Databases
Active Database Concepts and Triggers
Temporal Database Concepts
Spatial Database Concepts
Multimedia Database Concepts
Introduction to Deductive Databases
Summary
Review Questions
Exercise
Selected Bibliography
Lessons 28: Introduction to Information Retrieval and Web Search
Information Retrieval (IR) Concepts
Retrieval Models
Types of Queries in IR Systems
Text Preprocessing
Inverted Indexing
Evaluation Measures of Search Relevance
Web Search and Analysis
Trends in Information Retrieval
Summary
Review Questions
Selected Bibliography
Lessons 29: Data Mining Concepts
Overview of Data Mining Technology
Association Rules
Classification
Clustering
Approaches to Other Data Mining Problems
Applications of Data Mining
Commercial Data Mining Tools
Summary
Review Questions
Selected Bibliography
Lessons 30: Overview of Data Warehousing and OLAP
Introduction, Definitions, and Terminology
Characteristics of Data Warehouses
Data Modeling for Data Warehouses
Building a Data Warehouse
Typical Functionality of a Data Warehouse
Data Warehouse versus Views
Difficulties of Implementing Data Warehouses
Summary
Review Questions
Selected Bibliography
Lessons 31: Database Security
Introduction to Database Security Issues
Our Philosophy
At Calgary Learning we realize that quality of teaching and tutoring demands more than just academic expertise on the part of the teachers and tutors. The key to establishing a foundation for learning development is a warm and positive relationship with students without fostering dependency.
We provide them with clear structure, techniques, and strategies to approach challenging material. By stimulating the learning process, we are able to help students gain the self-awareness needed to succeed in applying strategies independently.
Teachers and Tutors at Calgary Learning focus on identifying the students’ strengths while addressing the areas that need attention. Our focus is a holistic approach to the total learning process, rather than solely on deficits. CLI students are motivated to learn and enjoy tackling challenging assignments.
They are actively involved in their own learning/tutoring program. Current assignments are addressed while students gain transferable skills. They are also encouraged to set attainable goals and to work towards meeting them.
Our History
In 1995 Sherma Jeffrey-Ryan started with the vision of reaching and empowering children through education. First, she focused on the underprivileged children who were failing in the traditional school system. She started tutoring at home and she quickly realized that the need was greater than she had envisioned. Later, Calgary Learning Institute moved to a larger educational facility with a computer lab and a library to accommodate and enhance the learning experience of many students.
In 2010 CLI partnered with a testing company to deliver the MCAT, and after a few years, the company expanded to add more tests. Today Calgary Learning has two fully equipped computer labs with 25 networked computers. It is a Select Testing Site for Pearson Vue and a preferred site for PAN, PSI, Kryterion, Prometric, Scranton, and Assessment Systems.
The company has also added external university and college proctoring services and online Information Technology online courses, practice tests, and labs. We provide excellent quality training and testing experience for all students.
Our goal is to eliminate poverty through education by offering individualized training programs in English, adult workplace training, computer skills and tutoring to help students and adults gain the skills and confidence to be successful.
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