Linux Training

Linux is the best-known and most-used open source operating system. As an operating system, Linux is software that sits underneath all of the other software on a computer, receiving requests from those programs and relaying these requests to the computer’s hardware.

Content:

• Module1: HISTORY AND STANDARDS
• A Brief History of Linux
• The GNU Project
• The Linux Kernel
• Module2:FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
• The Core Operating System: The Kernel
• The Shell
• Users and Groups
• Single Directory Hierarchy, Directories, Links, and Files
• File I/O Model
• Programs
• Processes
• Memory Mappings
• Static and Shared Libraries
• Interprocess Communication and Synchronization
• Signals
• Threads
• Process Groups and Shell Job Control
• Sessions, Controlling Terminals, and Controlling Processes
• Pseudoterminals
• Date and Time
• Client-Server Architecture
• Realtime
• The /procFile System
• Module 3: SYSTEM PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS
• System Calls
• Library Functions
• The Standard C Library; The GNU C Library (glibc)
• Handling Errors from System Calls and Library Functions
• Notes on the Example Programs in This Book
• Portability Issues
• Module 4: FILE I/O: THE UNIVERSAL I/O MODEL
• File I/O
• Database Input (Connecting to database)
• Universality of I/O
• Opening a File
• Reading from a File
• Writing to a File
• Closing a File
• Changing the File Offset
• Operations Outside the Universal I/O Model
• Module 5: FILE I/O
• Atomicity and Race Conditions
• File Control Operations
• Open File Status Flags
• Relationship Between File Descriptors and Open Files
• Duplicating File Descriptors
• File I/O at a Specified Offset
• Scatter-Gather I/O
• Truncating a File
• Nonblocking I/O
• I/O on Large Files
• The /dev/fd Directory
• Creating Temporary Files
• Module 6: PROCESSES
• Processes and Programs
• Process ID and Parent Process ID
• Memory Layout of a Process
• Virtual Memory Management
• The Stack and Stack Frames
• Command-Line Arguments (argc, argv)
• Environment List
• Performing a Nonlocal Goto
• Module 7: MEMORY ALLOCATION
• Allocating Memory on the Heap
• Allocating Memory on the Stack
• Module 8: USERS AND GROUPS
• The Password File
• The Shadow Password File
• The Group File
• Retrieving User and Group Information
• Password Encryption and User Authentication
• Module 9: PROCESS CREDENTIALS
• Real User ID and Real Group ID
• Effective User ID and Effective Group ID
• Set-User-ID and Set-Group-ID Programs
• Saved Set-User-ID and Saved Set-Group-ID
• File-System User ID and File-System Group ID
• Supplementary Group IDs
• Module 10: SYSTEM LIMITS AND OPTIONS
• System Limits
• Retrieving System Limits (and Options) at Run Time
• Retrieving File-Related Limits (and Options) at Run Time
• Indeterminate Limits
• System Options
• Module 11: SYSTEM AND PROCESS INFORMATION
• The /proc File System
• System Identification
• Module 12: LINUX SYSTEM
• Module 13: FILE I/O BUFFERING
• Kernel Buffering of File I/O: The Buffer Cache
• Buffering in the stdio Library
• Controlling Kernel Buffering of File I/O
• Summary of I/O Buffering
• Giving the Kernel Hints About I/O Patterns: posix_fadvise()
• Bypassing the Buffer Cache: Direct I/O
• Mixing Library Functions and System Calls for File I/O
• Module 14: FILE SYSTEMS
• Device Special Files (Devices)
• Disks and Partitions
• File Systems
• I-nodes
• The Virtual File System (VFS)
• Journaling File Systems
• Single Directory Hierarchy and Mount Points
• Mounting and Unmounting File Systems
• Advanced Mount Features
• A Virtual Memory File System
• Obtaining Information About a File System
• Module 15: FILE ATTRIBUTES
• Retrieving File Information
• File Timestamps
• File Ownership
• File Permissions
• I-node Flags
• Module 16: DIRECTORIES AND LINKS
• Directories and (Hard) Links
• Symbolic (Soft) Links
• Creating and Removing (Hard) Links
• Changing the Name of a File
• Working with Symbolic Links
• Creating and Removing Directories
• Removing a File or Directory
• Reading Directories
• File Tree Walking
• The Current Working Directory of a Process
• Operating Relative to a Directory File Descriptor
• Changing the Root Directory of a Process
• Resolving a Pathname
• Parsing Pathname Strings
• Module 17: SIGNALS: FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
• Concepts
• Signal Types and Default Actions
• Changing Signal Dispositions
• Introduction to Signal Handlers
• Sending Signals
• Checking for the Existence of a Process
• Other Ways of Sending Signals
• Displaying Signal Descriptions
• Signal Sets
• The Signal Mask (Blocking Signal Delivery)
• Pending Signals
• Signals Are Not Queued
• Changing Signal Dispositions
• Waiting for a Signal
• Module 18: PROCESS CREATION
• Fork(), exit(), wait(), and execve()
• Creating a New Process
• The vfork() System Call
• Race Conditions After fork()
• Avoiding Race Conditions by Synchronizing with Signals
• Module 19: PROCESS TERMINATION
• Terminating a Process
• Details of Process Termination
• Exit Handlers
• Interactions Between fork(), stdio Buffers, and _exit()
• And more.