Surveying And Levelling

Surveying and leveling, objects of surveying, uses of surveying, classification of surveying, general principles of surveying, scale, types of surveying.

Chain Surveying: Introduction, methods of direct measurement instruments used for chaining, ranging of line, adjustments of chain, degree of accuracy of chaining, methods of chaining on sloping ground, chain and tape corrections, obstacles in chining, errors in chining, problems.

Compass surveying: Introduction, traversing, principles of compass surveying, basic definitions. Plane table surveying: Principles of plane table survey, instruments required, temporary adjustments, methods of plane table survey.

Leveling: Object of leveling, uses of leveling, basic definitions, instruments used, temporary adjustments of level, classification of leveling. Theodolite: Introduction, types of theodolite, basic definitions. Tachometric surveying: Tachometry, instruments used in tachometry, methods of tachometry.