Embedded Systems

Embedded systems are managed by microcontrollers or digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), GPU technology, and gate arrays.

These processing systems are integrated with components dedicated to handling electric and/or mechanical interfacing.

Embedded systems programming instructions, referred to as firmware, are stored in read-only memory or flash memory chips, running with limited computer hardware resources.

Embedded systems connect with the outside world through peripherals, linking input and output devices.

Embedded system applications range from digital watches and microwaves to hybrid vehicles and avionics. As much as 98 percent of all microprocessors manufactured are used in embedded systems.

Outline:

• Sensor: The sensor measures and converts the physical quantity to an electrical signal, which can then be read by an embedded systems engineer or any electronic instrument. A sensor stores the measured quantity to the memory.
•  A-D Converter: An analog-to-digital converter converts the analog signal sent by the sensor into a digital signal. Processor & ASICs: Processors assess the data to measure the output and store it to the memory.
•  D-A Converter: A digital-to-analog converter changes the digital data fed by the processor to analog data
•  Actuator: An actuator compares the output given by the D-A Converter to the actual output stored and stores the approved output.